The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully separated two spacecraft designed to demonstrate space docking technology, a vital capability for future space missions, late Monday night. This achievement places the spacecraft into the intended low Earth orbit, as confirmed by ISRO.
Mission director M. Jayakumar announced, "PSLV C60 mission accomplished as of SpaDeX spacecraft." This mission is seen as a precursor to ISRO's goal of establishing its own space station by 2035 and will enable India to join an exclusive group of nations that have achieved this capability in the near future.
The PSLV-C60 rocket, standing at 44.5 meters tall, carried two 220 kg spacecraft—referred to as Spacecraft A (the 'Chaser') and Spacecraft B (the 'Target')—which will facilitate advancements in space docking, satellite servicing, and interplanetary missions.
Following a 25-hour countdown that began on Sunday, the rocket launched from the First Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at 10 PM, producing thick orange fumes and a powerful sound as it ascended from the site located approximately 135 km east of Chennai.
ISRO scientists noted that the two spacecraft will attempt to merge at an altitude of around 470 km after traveling at synchronized speeds and distances. Mastering docking technology will enhance ISRO's operational capabilities and expand its mission potential.
This technology is crucial for India's ambitious plans, including lunar exploration through the Chandrayaan-4 mission and the development of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station. ISRO stated, "In-space docking technology is essential when multiple rocket launches are required to achieve common mission objectives," emphasizing India's aim to become the fourth country globally to master this technology, joining China, Russia, and the United States.
While the spacecraft have reached their designated orbit, scientists will work in the coming days to bring them closer together for docking. The PSLV-C60 launch marks ISRO's final mission of 2024, following a successful start to the year with the PSLV-C58/XPOSAT mission on January 1.
Additionally, this launch represents the first time a PSLV vehicle has been integrated up to the fourth stage at the newly established PSLV Integration Facility (PIF) at Satish Dhawan Space Centre.